ABSTRACT
The current management of diseases of urinary bladder requiring resection is by augmentation cystoplasty or transplantation of ureters. Transplantation of ureters is associated with morbidity and mortality. Ideal management will be by regenerating urinary bladder in vivo. Neo-regeneration of tissues and organs like abdominal wall, aponeurosis etc., has been attempted and patented. After neo-regeneration of mesoderm tissues and organs, regeneration of urinary bladder (developed from endoderm) was. In vivo surgical techniques were developed in dogs. It is known that the embryonic morphogenesis of urinary bladder is from uro-genital sinus of hind gut. A membrane, containing endoderm stem cells in crypts of recto-sigmoid colon, was surgically isolated and colonized with remnant of urinary bladder wall after extensive resection. Experimental study was performed in dogs, for 60 days to one and a half year. Regeneration of all the layers of tissues of the wall of urinary bladder was observed. The neo-regeneration phenomenon has been recognized as “desired metaplasia”. The regenerated neo tissue/organ on histological examination and cystometry studies was found compatible with normal urinary bladder. The hypothesis, neo-regeneration and desired metaplasia, is discussed.
ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: The incidence of breast cancer is on the rise in India, breast cancer is the second most common malignancy in Indian women. AIM: The aim of this study was to find out the association of various risk factors with breast cancer among women in Delhi. SETTINGS AND DESIGN: This was a case-control study in Lok Nayak Hospital, Delhi. METHODS AND MATERIAL: 332 women were studied. Subjects were women with breast cancer (N = 115) and age matched Control subjects (N-217) without breast cancer, attending Lok Nayak Hospital during 2006. Subjects were interviewed using a pretested questionnaire. The risk factors studied were: age, parity, socioeconomic status, marital status, breast feeding, menarche, menopause, family history. STATISTICAL ANALYSIS: Data was expressed in proportion. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS: Age of the patient ranged from 25 to 80 years. In this study, 69 (60%) cases and 127 (58.5%) controls were illiterate, the mean duration sum of total breast feeding for all children was 6.58 years in cases and 7.4 years in controls (OR = 1.91; 95% CI, 1.17 - 3.13) (P P P< 0.05). There was a significant difference between breast cancer cases and controls in relation to place of residence, occupation, marital status, body mass index and breast feeding.
Subject(s)
Adult , Age Factors , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Body Mass Index , Breast Feeding , Breast Neoplasms/diagnosis , Breast Neoplasms/epidemiology , Case-Control Studies , Confidence Intervals , Female , Humans , India/epidemiology , Marital Status , Middle Aged , Odds Ratio , Surveys and Questionnaires , Risk FactorsABSTRACT
The capacity of stem cells of peritonium of mesodermal origin to undergo metaplastic transformation and form different tissues developed from mesoderm germ layer is exploited with ulterior motive to use it in the management of human diseases. The excised fallopian tube was replaced with a tube on a stent constructed from autogenous peritoneum from a suitable donor site. The effect of the surroundings environment of the new tissue system to which the peritoneum stem cells are now exposed was studied for 3, 6 and 12 months period in live animal models. The gross and histological studies revealed development of all the component of the wall of the fallopian tube. The lumen of the constructed peritoneal tube was well preserved in its whole length including the anastomotic sites. The scientific rationale of the working hypothesis on which the work is based, is discussed.